GUNUNG SALAK DI BOGOR

Gunung Salak merupakan sebuah gunung berapi yang terdapat di pulau Jawa, Indonesia. Gunung ini mempunyai beberapa puncak, di antaranya Puncak Salak I dan Salak II. Letak geografis puncak gunung ini ialah pada 6°43' LS dan 106°44' BT. Tinggi puncak Salak I 2.211 m dan Salak II 2.180 m dpl. Ada satu puncak lagi bernama Puncak Sumbul dengan ketinggian 1.926 m dpl.
Secara administratif, G. Salak termasuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Sukabumi dan Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Pengelolaan kawasan hutannya semula berada di bawah Perum Perhutani KPH Bogor, namun sejak 2003 menjadi wilayah perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, kini bernama Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak.

Jalur pendakian

Gunung Salak dapat didaki dari beberapa jalur pendakian. Puncak yang paling sering didaki adalah puncak II dan I. Jalur yang paling ramai adalah melalui Curug Nangka, di sebelah utara gunung. Melalui jalur ini, orang akan sampai pada puncak Salak II.
Puncak Salak I biasanya didaki dari arah timur, yakni Cimelati dekat Cicurug. Salak I bisa juga dicapai dari Salak II, dan dengan banyak kesulitan, dari Sukamantri, Ciapus.
Jalur lain adalah ‘jalan belakang’ lewat Cidahu, Sukabumi, atau dari Kawah Ratu dekat G. Bunder.
Selain itu Gunung Salak lebih populer sebagai ajang tempat pendidikan bagi klub-klub pecinta alam, terutama sekali daerah punggungan Salak II. Ini dikarenakan medan hutannya yang rapat dan juga jarang pendaki yang mengunjungi gunung ini. Juga memiliki jalur yang cukup sulit bagi para pendaki pemula dikarenakan jalur yang dilewati jarang kita temukan cadangan air kecuali di Pos I jalur pendakian Kawah Ratu, beruntung di puncak Gunung ( 2211 Mdpl ) ditemukan kubangan mata air.Gunung Salak meskipun tergolong sebagai gunung yang rendah, akan tetapi memiliki keunikan tersendiri baik karakteristik hutannya maupun medannya.

Margasatwa

Aneka margasatwa ditemukan di lingkungan G. Salak, mulai dari kodok dan katak, reptil, burung hingga mamalia.

Hasil penelitian D.M. Nasir (2003) dari Jurusan KSH Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, mendapatkan 11 jenis kodok dan katak di lingkungan S. Ciapus Leutik, Desa Tamansari, Kab. Bogor. Jenis-jenis itu ialah Bufo asper, B. melanostictus, Leptobrachium hasseltii, Fejervarya limnocharis, Huia masonii, Limnonectes kuhlii, L. macrodon, L. microdiscus, Rana chalconota, R. erythraea dan R. hosii. Hasil ini belum mencakup jenis-jenis katak pohon, dan jenis-jenis katak pegunungan lainnya yang masih mungkin dijumpai. Di Cidahu juga tercatat adanya jenis bangkong bertanduk (Megophrys montana) dan katak terbang (Rhacophorus reinwardtii).

Berbagai jenis reptil, terutama kadal dan ular, terdapat di gunung ini. Beberapa contohnya adalah bunglon Bronchocela jubata dan B. cristatella, kadal kebun Mabuya multifasciata dan biawak sungai Varanus salvator. Jenis-jenis ular di G. Salak belum banyak diketahui, namun beberapa di antaranya tercatat mulai dari ular tangkai (Calamaria sp.) yang kecil pemalu, ular siput (Pareas carinatus) hingga ular sanca kembang (Python reticulatus) sepanjang beberapa meter.

G. Salak telah dikenal lama sebelumnya sebagai daerah yang kaya burung, sebagaimana dicatat oleh Vorderman (1885). Hoogerwerf (1948) mendapatkan tidak kurang dari 232 jenis burung di gunung ini (total Jawa: 494 jenis, 368 jenis penetap). Beberapa jenis yang cukup penting dari gunung ini ialah elang jawa (Spizaetus bartelsi) dan beberapa jenis elang lain, ayam-hutan merah (Gallus gallus), Cuculus micropterus, Phaenicophaeus javanicus dan P. curvirostris, Sasia abnormis, Dicrurus remifer, Cissa thalassina, Crypsirina temia, burung kuda Garrulax rufifrons, Hypothymis azurea, Aethopyga eximia dan A. mystacalis, serta Lophozosterops javanica.

Sebagaimana halnya reptil dan kodok, catatan mengenai mamalia G. Salak pun tidak terlalu banyak. Akan tetapi di gunung ini jelas ditemukan beberapa jenis penting seperti macan tutul (Panthera pardus), owa jawa (Hylobates moloch), lutung surili (Presbytis comata) dan tenggiling (Manis javanica).

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